Chapter- 6

( i )Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw
material.
(a) Aluminium (b) Cement
(c) Sugar. (d) Jute

► (b) Cement

(ii) Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the
public sector plants?
(a) HAIL. (b) SAIL
(c) TATA Steel (d) MNC’s

► (b) SAIL

(iii) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw
material?
(a) Aluminium (b) Cement
(c) Jute (d) Steel

► (a) Aluminium

(iv) Which one of the following industries manufactures
telephones, computers, etc?
(a) Steel. (b) Electronic
(c)Aluminium (d) Information Technology

► (b) Electronic

Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words.

(i) What is manufacturing?
(ii) Name any three physical factors for the location of the
industry.
(iii) Name any three human factors for the location of an
industry.
(iv) What are basic industries? Give an example.
v) Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing
of cement?

Answers

(i) Manufacturing is the process in which goods are produced
after processing the various raw materials.

(ii) Three physical factors for the location of the industry are:
→ Availability of raw material.
→ Suitable climate.
→ Availability of water and power supply.

(iii) Three human factors for the location of an industry are
→ Availability of cheap labour
→ Availability of services such as consultants and financial
advice
→ Availability of Market

(iv) Basic industries are those which supply their raw materials
to industries which manufacture other goods. An example is the
iron and steel industry which supplies steel to the automobile industry

(V) ) The important raw materials used in the manufacturing of
cement are: limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum.

3.answers these questions in 120 words.
(i) How do Integrated Steel Plants differ from Mini Steel Plants?
What challenges does the steel industry face, and what recent developments have contributed to an increase in production capacity?

(Ans). Integrated Steel Plants: These are large-scale industrial facilities that handle the entire steel production process under one roof. They include operations such as the collection of raw materials, steel production, rolling, and shaping into the desired form.
Mini Steel Plants: These are smaller in size and operate differently. Mini Steel Plants primarily rely on electric arc furnaces and use sponge iron and steel scrap as their main raw materials.
Additionally, they often have re-rollers that use steel ingots to create mild and alloy steel as per specifications.
Problems Faced by the Steel Industry:
The steel industry faces challenges due to the high costs and limited supply of coking coal, a crucial resource for steel manufacturing.
Labor Productivity: Lower productivity levels among workers lead to inefficiencies.
Irregular Power Supply: Frequent disruptions in power supply hinder consistent operations.
Inadequate Infrastructure: Poor transport and logistical infrastructure affect the movement of raw materials and finished products.
Recent Developments Boosting Production Capacity:
Liberalization Policies: The introduction of economic reforms has created a more favorable environment for the steel industry.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Investments from foreign entities, coupled with efforts by private entrepreneurs, have significantly improved the industry.
Technological Advancements: Adoption of new technologies has led to better efficiency and higher production rates.

(ii) How does Industries Contribute to Environmental Pollution?

(Ans). Industries are a major contributor to environmental pollution, impacting air, water, land, and noise levels in the following ways:
Air Pollution: The emission of harmful gases, such as sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, is a significant cause of air contamination. These gases are released from industrial chimneys and manufacturing processes.Water Pollution: Discharge of untreated organic and inorganic industrial effluents into rivers and lakes pollutes water resources. These include substances like chemicals, pigments, and toxic metals.Thermal Pollution: Factories and thermal plants release hot water into nearby water bodies without prior cooling, raising the water temperature and harming aquatic life.Nuclear Waste: Hazardous waste from nuclear plants can lead to severe health issues such as cancer, birth defects, and miscarriages.Land Pollution: Dumping of industrial waste like glass, harmful chemicals, effluents, packaging materials, and salts renders land infertile and unusable.Noise Pollution: High noise levels from factory equipment, construction activities, electric saws, drills, and generators cause disturbances and impact human health.
(iii) What steps can be implemented to reduce environmental harm caused by industries?
(Ans).To mitigate environmental damage caused by industries, the following steps can be implemented:Controlling Water Pollution:Treat industrial effluents at three levels—primary, secondary, and tertiary—before discharging them into water bodies.Minimize water usage in industrial processes through reuse and recycling.Harvest rainwater to meet water requirements and regulate groundwater usage through legal measures.Reducing Air Pollution:Install advanced equipment such as electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers, and inertial separators in industrial chimneys.Replace coal with cleaner fuels like oil or gas to minimize smoke emissions.Minimizing Noise Pollution:Install silencers on generators and machinery to minimize noise pollution.Redesign industrial equipment to minimize noise production.Encourage the use of earplugs, noise-absorbing materials, and other protective gear for workers.By adopting these strategies, industries can reduce their ecological footprint while maintaining sustainable production practices.